Maqasid al-Shariah sebagai Kerangka Pembaruan Hukum Islam Kontemporer: Sebuah Tinjauan Sistematis
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Maqasid al-Shariah (tujuan-tujuan hukum Islam) telah mengemuka sebagai salah satu kerangka paling signifikan dalam diskursus pembaruan hukum Islam kontemporer. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode tinjauan literatur sistematis untuk mengkaji perkembangan, aplikasi, dan tantangan penerapan Maqasid al-Shariah dalam yurisprudensi Islam modern. Dengan menganalisis dua puluh dua artikel jurnal ilmiah yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2000 hingga 2023, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi empat tema utama: pertama, evolusi teoritis Maqasid dari khazanah klasik menuju pemikiran kontemporer; kedua, aplikasi Maqasid dalam isu-isu kekinian seperti hak asasi manusia, keuangan Islam, dan kesetaraan gender; ketiga, tantangan dan kritik dalam mengoperasionalkan Maqasid; serta keempat, relasi antara Maqasid dan ijtihad sebagai instrumen pembaruan hukum. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa Maqasid al-Shariah menawarkan kerangka yang kokoh sekaligus fleksibel dalam menjembatani yurisprudensi Islam klasik dengan tuntutan keadilan dan kemaslahatan manusia masa kini. Namun demikian, tantangan metodologis dan hermeneutis yang signifikan masih mengemuka, terutama menyangkut cakupan ijtihad dan otoritas pembaruan hukum. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa keterlibatan sistematis dan interdisipliner dengan Maqasid merupakan keniscayaan bagi pembaruan hukum Islam di era modern.
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