Publication Ethics

Subulana is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and takes all possible measures against publication malpractice. The journal adopts and adheres to the Core Practices of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and the principles outlined in the COPE Code of Conduct for Journal Editors. All parties involved in the publishing process are expected to comply with these ethical standards.

Duties of Authors

Authors must ensure that submitted manuscripts represent original work that has not been published elsewhere and is not under consideration for publication in another journal. All authors listed must have made a substantive intellectual contribution to the study, and no person who qualifies as an author should be omitted. Authors are responsible for accurately reporting their research methods and results and must disclose any conflicts of interest that could be perceived to influence their findings. When significant errors are discovered after publication, authors are obligated to notify the editors promptly and cooperate in the issuance of a correction or retraction. Research involving human subjects must have been approved by an appropriate ethics committee, and this approval must be reported in the manuscript.

Duties of Editors

Editors evaluate manuscripts solely on the basis of their scholarly merit, without regard to the authors' nationality, institutional affiliation, gender, race, religious conviction, or political belief. The editor-in-chief bears final responsibility for accepting or rejecting a manuscript and must do so in accordance with the journal's stated policies. Editors must recuse themselves from handling manuscripts in which they have a conflict of interest, whether personal, financial, or professional. Unpublished material submitted to the journal must not be used in the editors' own research without the explicit written consent of the authors. Information gathered during the editorial process must be kept strictly confidential.

Corrections, Retractions, and Expressions of Concern

When significant errors are identified in a published article, the journal will issue a formal correction notice that clearly describes the nature of the error and all changes made to the original work. Where published research is found to have resulted from serious misconduct, including data fabrication, falsification, or undisclosed plagiarism, the editors reserve the right to retract the article. Retraction notices will be published in the next available issue and will be clearly linked to the retracted article in all digital platforms. The retracted article itself will be clearly marked as retracted but will remain accessible for the scholarly record.

Conflict of Interest Disclosure

Authors are required to disclose all sources of financial support for the research and any relationships that might be perceived as a conflict of interest. This includes funding from government bodies, private foundations, commercial entities, or professional organizations with a stake in the research outcomes. Disclosure statements must be included in the submitted manuscript and will be published as part of the final article. The absence of a conflict of interest should be explicitly stated if applicable.