Forming a Superior Generation: Psychological Portraits of Elementary School-Age Children and the Direction of Their Development

Abstract

This study examines the development of elementary school students in Indonesia by considering various aspects of development, including cognitive, social, emotional, identity formation, roles, learning capacity, and environmental influences. By adopting the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology, this study integrates various study results related to these aspects of development. The results of the analysis showed that the development of cognitive aspects played an important role in improving learning and problem-solving, while social-emotional development contributed to the formation of positive relationships. The formation of children’s identities and roles is influenced by three main pillars: family, educational institutions, and social communities. These three environments have a fundamental impact on the formation of a child’s personality and overall development. In the context of the family, the parenting style and values instilled have a great influence on children’s behavior. In the realm of formal education, in addition to academic achievements, schools also emphasize moral development with teachers as role models who provide motivation and create a constructive learning atmosphere. Interaction with peers helps develop social competence, while media exposure and mental health issues require appropriate mentoring. This research also emphasizes the importance of character education and the active role of parents in shaping the complete personality of Indonesian children.